The southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis Piers Zimmermann, is the most destructive insect pest of pine in the southern United States.A recent historical review estimated that SPB caused $900 million of damage to pine forests from 1960 through 1990 (Price et a1.1992).This aggressive tree killer is a native insect that lives predominant

Pomacea canaliculata hemocytes are the main functional cells in the immune defense system, and hemocyte destruction disrupts the immune response mechanism of P.canaliculata, resulting in abnormal growth, development, reproduction, and even death.Our previous study found that Pedunsaponin A significantly affects P.canaliculata hemocyte structure.Thi

Macergens are bacteria capable of releasing pectic enzymes (pectolytic bacteria).These enzymatic actions result in the separation of plant tissues leading to total plant destruction.This can be attributed to soft rot diseases in vegetables.These macergens primarily belong to the genus Erwinia and to a range of opportunistic pathogens namely: the Xa

The existence of customary territories, which are generally located in forest areas, create a separate conflict.One solution is the granting of customary forest management rights to customary law communities (CLC), and there are common understanding and perception between community and forest area managers.The study aims to understand perceptions o

The quality and survival rate are still being the problem that hampers the productivity of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon culture.Impaired quality of larval shrimp and environmental conditions can confer shrimp be infected by diseases, including viruses such as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV).Prevention of disease infection using chemicals ca